Malaysian Dams Portal

For separate link and better preview,
http://bit.ly/13xDEEY

Disclaimer: I, Danesh Prakash Chacko, as the producer of the map fully credit the various sources of data that identified both the locations and attributes of the dams. This included government sites, engineering companies, UTM copyrighted thesis, blogs and news sites. I hereby disclaim the ownership of the data found in the map portal.
Anyway the map portal should be used for study, research and personal use. No way it should be referred as a commercial source or tool for advanced analysis as the accuracy of the data could be questionable.

Introduction
From controversial 12 Dam project in Sarawak to water crisis in Selangor, water and dam issues has surfaced as hot political debates across the political spectrum. With the emergence of the idea of all development is good, dams plays both positive and negative role in sustainable development. The plan to make Sarawak into renewable energy hub have met stiff resistance among the indigenous communities as mass population displacement would occur. Meantime, in Selangor, political parties are squabbling on whether Selangor has enough water for its own needs or not and grand plan to bring water from nearby dam in Pahang (Kelau Dam) plus Langat 2 issue. Whilst the post would not highlight the issue thoroughly, I have decided the first step of awareness of water issues is to create information portal about dams.

The Malaysian Dams Portal highlights roughly around 90 dams in Malaysia, both constructed and proposed ones. The 'Portal' show where there are distributed, the purpose, the capacity, completion year and installed electricity capacity. Let me clarify on the accuracy of the spatial and attribute data of the dam. The dam locations were identified through Google Maps, FAO articles and other university or government publications. The dam locations were mapped out on a scale of 1:200 000 where the coordinates represent the location of the dam walls (if not, the centre of the reservoir at rare instances). Since the dam wall is big and some inaccuracies exist in coordinates, the map position of the dam could be off from 30 to 100 metres from any point of the dam wall. For the case of 12 proposed Sarawak dams and new Sabah dams, the accuracy of the location is very coarse. They were mapped out at the scale of 1:500 000 to 1:1 000 000. Pointing back to the disclaimer, it should be used as a guide, not a business or serious analytical tool.

You might observe where some sections on the 'notes' stating 'Request for Other Information'. This is because some of the dam attributes could not be identified at all. I am appealing to the readers and users of the blog and portal to contribute authoritative sources to fill the gaps. Having said that, please drop your queries on my blog to address the missing or questionable information.

As much as possible, usage of Wikipedia is limited to 10% of the data collected. The next section list out all the sources I have compiled for the dam location and attributes.

Limitations
Please drop in your queries on mistakes, what extra information should be added, better web map portals or others on the blog. This web map service is powered by online GIS Mango Map. I am considering to do this similar portal on ArcGIS Online to have more interactivity (though initial attempts have failed). If it works, I will post as a separate links.

Sources:
I would like to acknowledge fully the information sources:
Major:
-JPS Malaysia (Department of Irrigation and Department)
-Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara
-Sarawak Integrated Water Resources, http://www.siwrs.com.my/modules/iwrm/page.php?id=8&menu_id=0&sub_id=3
-FAO, faolex.fao.org/docs/texts/mal99051.doc
- Mohd Azizi bin Ya-Habib Thesis (2011), 'A study on inspection and monitoring structure dam in Malaysia, Case study dam owned JPS Malaysia' - Property of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)
Minor:
-http://teochiewkia2010.blogspot.com.au/2010/02/penang-water-usage.html
-http://lsan.kedah.gov.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=107&Itemid=82
-http://www.mada.gov.my/empangan
-http://www.acssb.com.my/acssb/pdf/Publication-1.pdf
-http://books.google.com.au/books?id=Mi5w01UByyoC&pg=PA517&lpg=PA517&dq=klang+gates&source=bl&ots=SFhwNpkXX2&sig=Bb3oHPHfMasr2r6br8wMPD5NeOU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=25ERUYrrKu6fiAfukIGwAQ&ved=0CGwQ6AEwCw#v=onepage&q=klang%20gates&f=false
-http://peterchin.my/?p=2111
-Puncak Niaga Sdn Bhd
-http://sahabatroselle.blogspot.com.au/2012/11/amaran-banjir-sungai-selangor-kuala.html
-http://www.sspsb.com.my/ws/brochure/SSP_WS_ID8_BATU%20HAMPAR.pdf
-http://wikimapia.org/3881754/Kawasan-tadahan-Hulu-Juaseh
-http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2008&dt=0801&pub=Utusan_Malaysia&sec=Timur&pg=wt_01.htm
-http://www.epu.gov.my/html/themes/epu/images/common/pdf/papers/txtspeech.pdf
-http://sos-selangor.org/?p=71
-http://www.sinarharian.com.my/edisi/terengganu/banjir-benteng-empangan-paya-peda-terpaksa-dipecah-1.115426
-http://www.ketara.gov.my/empangan-paya-peda
-http://www.kujie2.com/isu-semasa/projek-empangan-hidroelektrik-hulu-terengganu-puah-dam.html
-http://terengganulening.blogspot.com.au/2009/10/empangan-baru-di-terengganu.html
-http://www.bharian.com.my/articles/TerengganucadangbinaempanganminihidrobekalelektrikuntukTNB/Article/
-http://daruliman.wordpress.com/2010/05/06/kerja-kerja-awal-empangan-hidroelektrik-kedua-sedang-berjalan/
-http://bm.harakahdaily.net/index.php/headline/16619-empangan-ulu-telom-tenggelamkan-7600-hektar
-http://www.smec.com/Default.aspx?aProjId=488
-http://www.smecmal.com.my/projects_detail.php?subaction=showfull&id=1196946935&archive=&start_from=&ucat=4&
-http://www.kettha.gov.my/content/penswastaan-bekalan-air-empangan-bengoh-urusan-negeri-kata-chin
-http://www.gerik.gov.my/web/guest/pelancong/empangan_pong
-http://gis.doe.gov.my/eia2/Upload_folder/Ex_Sum/MOA-PayaPedaES-Jan2010.pdf
-http://www.tbnsa.gov.my/image/image_gallery?uuid=8b1d3dbb-cb16-4690-950d-d1bc29437e89&groupId=167079&t=1315794731081
-http://mrkumai.blogspot.com.au/2012/09/tips-melawat-cameron-highlands-empangan.html
-http://cdm.unfccc.int/filestorage/_/i/UV7NBCQ4IW2H0G1KSE5P9D3X8F6RLY.pdf/7664-PDD-10%20Oct%2012.pdf?t=aXR8bWlnejgzfDC06yqp5OjtjzoQ3BbIpIv8
-http://www.doe.gov.my/portal/wp-content/uploads/EJ423-Jeniang-Ringkasan-Eksekutif.pdf
-http://www.unescap.org/esd/environment/infra/suncheon/documents/Case_studies/LABUAN-Water-Infrastructure.pdf
http://www.townplanning.sabah.gov.my/iczm/reports/Coastal%20Profile%20Sabah/Figures/Figure%2066%20Locations%20of%20Power%20Stations%20in%20Sabah.gif
-http://wargamarhaen.blogspot.com.au/2012/09/empangan-tambatuon-bn-pinggir-suara.html
-http://www.scribd.com/doc/45160104/Upper-Padas-Hydroelectric-Project-1
-http://sabahkini.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1360:tenom-pangi-hydro-power-enigma&catid=35:berita-sabah&Itemid=27
-http://indigenouspeoplesissues.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4196:background-information-on-kaiduan-dam-in-sabah-
-http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2011/03/15/villagers-protest-against-proposed-kaiduan-dam/
-http://starstorage.blob.core.windows.net/archives/2008/7/23/nation/n_01sarawakdams.jpg
-http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/212042
-http://www.stop-corruption-dams.org/resources/Sold_down_the_river_BMF_dams_report.pdf
-http://www.efka.utm.my/thesis/IMAGES/3PSM/1992/JHH1/norazmee5.pdf (Property of UTM)

Simple Interactive Flight Traffic Map Tool

http://www.arcgis.com/apps/Compare/storytelling_tabbed/index.html?appid=8c1cf75448654110bf3f9cfda2cddda7

Above is a sample of my online mapping capabilities. I did not design the website, I used the ArcGIS personal online site and chose a template. For the time being, all the three maps are identical as I have not created two more other maps. The data ranges for the airport traffic is unreasonable but this ArcGIS unchangeable settings I guess. The two other proposed maps would be airspaces and runways in Malaysia and how Malaysia links to the world through air.

Penang Walking Track Map

A sample of Penang Walking Track Map

The map above was my self-produced map of a walking track in Penang. It took two days to start to finish this whole map works. Making maps are ain't easy as you see. It received 13 likes on facebook, which is hard for my photos or works of arts to receive this many likes. Penang is blessed with accessible forested areas. The facts this island may cover 285 sq km, it is very mountainous and a lot of its forests remain intact. With increased development, the threat to this natural wonder of Penang is much higher. For Penangites, hiking can be done at different parts of the island. Due to close proximity of the urban areas and forest regions, Penangites have a rare advantage for metropolitan peoples to be very close to forests. However, there are so many hiking tracks in Penang but hardly proper maps I could think off the guide the hikers. Nearly a decade ago, Malaysian Nature Society (MNS) produce a hiking guide in black-and-white for central and northern Penang. The maps seems to come from hand-sketched but dotted with sufficient detail.

 Having worked for Australian travel guide company, Explore Australia, I was exposed to the variety of their  products for the travel market. One of my projects I was involved was to produce hiking guides for New South Wales. I think the key successes of this book were dedicated, passionate authors and good quality maps. The authors, who love hiking, logged their tracks and this data was subsequently used for the maps. In a company where mapping is important, we are able to access our database of various map datasets. Mash these information, you have good quality maps with information closely related to the text. I think this is where we should draw inspiration from if we ever embark hiking guides for Malaysia

 Having said that, the map above on blog display was created one week before I started doing hiking maps for my company. That is why there is a difference what my map looks like and what my company's maps in its hiking guide. Now, we know the background on the situation. We know what Penang has to offer, what existing Malaysian product demonstrates and what my company's approach to hiking maps. This article will give a gist on the workflow for this map production and the challenges

Preparatory materials

In making a map, roughly 80% of your time would be consumed to find data. Digital spatial data are the lineworks, polygons and dots that you find the map. They have a spatial component (coordinates, height) and attribute component (feature type, classification). For the map above to be made, most important data we need is hiking track data. Other datasets would be required are contour data, rivers, geographical features, roads and points of interest. Well, I do not list out like this way when I did this map. All happened in my brain and modified over time. Datasets consume a lot of money but this project I sourced all of them from free sources. My dad has logged this hiking track many months ago with his GPS. Through my university senior (who shares similar passion in mapping), I have came to know free source of contour datasets. The rivers were not added on the map due to the difficulty of digitization and lack of free viable dataset source. Rest of the information was sourced from government maps, Google and Open Street Map (OSM). These are the preparatory materials for this map.

Procedures to make maps

First of all, in every map you make, you need the datasets which I have described in detail in the previous section. Once the datasets assembled, we need to find out how to transform these datasets into viable and user-friendly map.

1) I have track gpx (a GPS file) file from my Dad. However, I realized my existing geospatial skills became a little obstacle in this process of making map. The gpx file could not be uploaded into my GIS software, ArcGIS version 10. In this process of making maps, we always hit obstacles but the success lies in our problem-solving skills.

2) With my existing knowledge, on Google Earth, I digitized over the gpx file and saved as a kml/kmz file (Google Earth file). For the sake of creating a sample map, this time-consuming process is worth the shot. However, if I am making full-blown hiking guide, better alternatives should be explored.

3) I realized that the kmz file could not be directly uploaded onto the ArcGIS sofware. After bit of search, I came to a website which converts kml to shapefiles (where ArcGIS software can accept and display geographic data). After trials with it, I was successful in converting the kmz files into shapefiles.

4) Meantime, in ArcGIS software, I created a personal geodatabase where I assemble the various datasets. These track shapefiles were exported into the geodatabse. In my limited knowledge, I see a geodatabase an effective storage of datasets for a project. This is opposed to have dataset files kept everywhere.

5) For the case of my existing knowledge, I do not know which map projection is suitable for this track map. I have not been exposed to map projection parameters for Malaysia and specifically, Malaysia. The default coordinates of all the datasets were placed in WGS84 (the coordinate system that underpins the American GPS). The map projection is the process of transforming 3D coordinates (e.g. WGS84) or surfaces into 2D surfaces or coordinates (e.g. Mercator Map projection).

6) In ArcGIS, the datasets layers were organized according to visibility priority. The Track maps, roads and points of interest should be at the top of all layers. Contour data should be placed below. I created new shapefiles such as roads, points of interests, geographical features and place names. I converted a raster (Cell-based datasets) contour file into a vector file (resulted in contour lines).

7) From here, I scaled the map to a large-scale map (which I was pushing the limit of some of datasets' accuracy), added suitable colours for the datasets and final-touch-ups were performed. For further cartographic touch-ups, the ArcGIS map was exported into a Illustrator file.

8) In Illustrator, there was significant fixing with the map layers in the map that was just exported. This is where I placed text for key features. ArcGIS version 10, despite the strides, is still limited in text placement. Text-placement is one of the most difficult part of map production. Additional items on the map (Shown above in the image) were subsequently added.

9) For display purposes, the Illustrator file was exported into JPEG file. It was first posted on facebook and received reasonable liking and subsequently, the same JPEG is exported to the blog.

This is the 9 steps in making the map and it took nearly full two days to complete it. From here, I will address the challenges and limitations of this map.

(Article under construction)